Bacau is the seat and the largest city in Bacau County, Romania. It is crossed by the Bistrita river, which provides, through the local hydroelectric plant, a significant part of the local electricity consumption. The surface of the municipality is 60km², and the population is approximately 175,500 inhabitants.
The city is crossed by European roads E85 and E57, European and national traffic arteries that connect Bucharest, the north of the country, as well as Transylvania. By rail, national and international connections are made through the CFR network. By air, Bacăul has an international airport whose air terminal, intended for the transport of goods and people, ensures regular flights to various national and European destinations.
The municipality of Bacău, the seat of the county with the same name, is located in the North-East of the country, in the central-western part of Moldova, just 9.6 km upstream from the Siret-Bistrita confluence.
The geographical location of Bacău is at the intersection of the meridian 26° 55′ east longitude with the parallel of 46° 35′ north latitude.
From an administrative point of view, it borders the communes of Hemeiusi and Săucești, in the north, with the commune of Letea Veche, in the east, and in the south with the communes of Luizi-Călugăra, Măgura and Mărgineni. Between these limits, the city occupies an area of 4186, 23 ha, being located at altitudes of 151-181m.
The position and the natural setting favored the rapid development of the settlement on Bistrita, since the Middle Ages Bacăul became an important intersection of the main commercial arteries in the central-western part of Moldova. The Siret Road or the Moldovan Road, which connected the Baltic cities with the Danube-Pontic area, intersected with the Păcurii Road, which started in Moinești, with the Salt Road, from Târgu Ocna, with the Brașov Road (the lower road), with the Transylvanian Roads that crossed the Carpathians Orientals through the Ghimeș, Bicaz, Tulgheș passes, and with the raft road, on Bistrita. All the arteries from the NW and SW headed towards the Bârlad and Prut basins through the north of the Tutova Hills.
The hydrographic network is represented by the two rivers, Siret and Bistrita, and their tributaries: Bahna, Izvoarele, Cleja – for Siret, respectively Trebeșul with its tributaries Bârnat and Negel – for Bistrita. Due to the anthropic influence, the hydrological regime of the two rivers has been completely changed, the hydropower facilities contributing to the regularization of the flow. Lilieci, Şerbănești reservoirs were created on Bistrita with a complex role: providing electricity, fighting floods, supplying drinking and industrial water, practicing water sports.
The climate of the city is an accentuated temperate-continental one, with cold winters, dry and hot summers, the result of the action of a complex of natural factors (general circulation of the atmosphere, solar radiation, relief) and anthropogenic factors, the city itself having an essential role in creating its own topoclimate through -a series of factors that are constantly manifested (construction materials, bumpy profile, green spaces), respectively through secondary factors (artificial heating, air pollution). Their joint action causes disturbances of the biogeochemical circuit at the level of the system, the direct consequence being urban discomfort.
The average annual temperature is 9 °C, oscillating between -4 °C, in January, and 20.6 °C, in June, with a slight change in the thermal regime in recent years due to reservoirs, global warming and air pollution.
Far from being just an up-and-coming commercial-industrial center, Bacăul is also a city of traditions and culture. Tourist attractions include the George Bacovia Memorial House or the “Ion Borcea” Natural Sciences Museum Complex. The astronomical observatory of Bacău is one of the few in Romania, and very close to the city center is the statue of Stephen the Great.
The city also houses the largest Catholic cathedral in Eastern Europe, the George Bacovia Memorial House and the Nicu Enea Memorial House.
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